I wonder whether McPherson's discussion of labor in the context of the development of computing languages could be expanded in some useful way to account for outsourcing of IT expertise overseas to India. It seems as if a knowledgeable overview of the subcontinent's role as a source for both cheap labor, technological expertise, and even as a geographical basis of operation for US computing/technology firms might help us understand the uses and limitations of considering the proliferation of digital/technological innovations as a new form of empire.